Huntington's Disease

Signs and Symptoms

Early symptoms of Huntington's disease (HD) include mood swings, depression and irritability. In addition, patients may notice problems in their daily activities such as driving, learning new things, remembering a fact or making a decision.

As the disease progresses, concentration and short-term memory decline and involuntary movements increase. The ability to walk, speak and swallow deteriorates. Eventually, patients become unable to care for themselves. Death may occur from complications such as choking, infection or heart failure.

Diagnosis

To make a diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD), your doctor will recommend a genetic test, coupled with a complete medical history and neurological and laboratory tests. For individuals who are at risk of carrying the HD gene, testing can be performed before symptoms occur.

Treatment

Currently, there is no cure for Huntington's disease and no treatment to slow its progression. However, there are treatments to help control the symptoms. Some medications may help alleviate involuntary movements and may be used to help control hallucinations, delusions and violent outbursts. Anti-psychotic drugs, however, can have severe side effects, including stiffness and sedation, and for that reason are used in the lowest possible doses. Anti-depressants are used for depression and tranquilizers can help with severe mood swings.

Studies are underway to determine if antioxidants and other agents may help protect the brain and therefore prevent degeneration in HD. So far, these studies have not proved to be beneficial.